2024 

Schreiber S, Arndt P, Morton L, Garza AP, Müller P, Neumann K, Mattern H, Dörner M, Bernal J, Vielhaber S, Meuth SG, Dunay IR, Dityatev A, Henneicke S.
Immune system activation and cognitive impairment in arterial hypertension.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Nov 04; https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00219.2024.

Dunay MP, Zolyomi D, Gulyas E, Dunay IR.
Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and risk factors of cats in the Budapest area.
Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). accepted 2024 Oct 09; Link follows.

Garza AP, Wider-Eberspächer E, Morton L, van Ham M, Pállinger É, Buzás EI, Jänsch L, Dunay IR.
Circulating pre- and postprandial extracellular vesicle proteomic profiles.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 03; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74228-4.

Cangalaya C, Sun W, Stoyanov S, Dunay IR, Dityatev A.
Integrity of neural extracellular matrix is required for microglia-mediated synaptic remodeling.
Glia. 2024 Aug 14; https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.24588.

Morton L, Garza AP, Debska-Vielhaber G, Villafuerte LE, Henneicke S, Arndt P, Meuth SG, Schreiber S, Dunay IR.
Pericytes mediate neurovascular remodeling in chronic arterial hypertension.
bioRxiv. preprint 2024 May 15; https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.13.594041.

Ugursu B, Sah A, Sartori S, Popp O, Mertins P, Dunay IR, Kettenmann H, Singewald N, Wolf SA.
Microglial sex differences in innate high anxiety and modulatory effects of minocycline.
Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Mar 27; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.035.

Khoshneviszadeh M, Henneicke S, Pirici D, Senthilnathan A, Morton L, Arndt P, Kaushik R, Norman O, Jukkola J, Dunay IR, Seidenbecher C, Heikkinen A, Schreiber S, Dityatev A.
Microvascular damage, neuroinflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in Col18a1 knockout mice as a model for early cerebral small vessel disease.
Matrix Biol. 2024 Feb 20; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2024.02.007.

2023

Besteher B, Rocktäschel T, Garza AP, Machnik M, Ballez J, Helbing DL, Finke K, Reuken P, Güllmar D, Gaser C, Walter M, Opel N*, Dunay IR*. *contributed equally.
Cortical thickness alterations and systemic inflammation define long-COVID patients with cognitive impairment.
Brain Behav Immun. 2023 Nov 28; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.028.

Morton L*, Arndt P*, Garza AP, Henneicke S, Mattern H, Gonzalez M, Dityatev A, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Schreiber S+, Dunay IR+, */+equally contributed.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of microglia phenotype in human and murine cSVD: impact of acute and chronic hypertensive states.
Acta Neuropath C. 2023 Dec 19; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-023-01672-0.

Weichert L, Düsedau HP, Fritzsch D, Schreier S, Scharf A, Grashoff M, Cebulski K, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Erck C, Lienenklaus S, Dunay IR*, Kröger A*, *contributed equally.
Astrocytes evoke a robust IRF7-independent type I interferon response upon neurotropic viral infection.
J Neuroinflammation. 2023 Sept 22; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-023-02892-w.

Wagner T, Bangoura B, Wiedmer S, Daugschies A, Dunay IR.
Phytohormones regulate asexual Toxoplasma gondii replication.
Parasitol Res. 2023 Sept 19; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07968-3.

Räuber S, Nelke C, Schroeter CB, Pawlitzki M, Ingwersen J, Akgün K, Günther R, Garza AP, Marggraf M, Dunay IR, Schreiber S, Vielhaber S, Ziemssen T, Melzer N, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Herty M.
Classifying flow cytometry data using Bayesian analysis helps to distinguish ALS patients from healthy controls.
Front Immunol. 2023 Aug 01; https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198860.

Demuth H, Hosseini S, Düsedau HP, Dunay IR, Korte M, Zagrebelsky M.
Deletion of p75NTR rescues the synaptic but not the inflammatory status in the brain of a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2023 May 05; https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2023.1163087

Raschick M, Richter A, Fischer L, Knopf L, Schult A, Yakupov R, Behnisch G, Guttek K, Düzel E, Dunay IR, Seidenbecher CI, Schraven B, Reinhold D, Schott BH.
Plasma concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β are associated with hippocampal structure related to explicit memory performance in older adults.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2023 Apr 28; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-023-02638-1.

Schreiber S, Bernal J, Arndt P, Schreiber F, Müller P, Morton L, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Valdés-Hernández MDC, Duarte R, Wardlaw JM, Meuth SG, Mietzner G, Vielhaber S, Dunay IR, Dityatev A, Jandke S, Mattern H.
Brain Vascular Health in ALS Is Mediated through Motor Cortex Microvascular Integrity.
Cells. 2023 Mar 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12060957.

Garza AP*, Morton L*, Pállinger É, Buzás EI, Schreiber S, Schott BH, Dunay IR, *contributed equally.
Initial and ongoing tobacco smoking elicits vascular damage and distinct inflammatory response linked to neurodegeneration.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2023 Jan 29; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100597.

Ulbrich P*, Morton L*, Briese M, Lämmlin N, Mattern H, Hasanuzzaman M, Westhues M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Appenzeller S, Gündel D, Toussaint M, Brust P, Kniess T, Oelschlegel A, Goldschmidt J, Meuth S, Heinze H-J, Debska-Vielhaber G, Vielhaber S, Becker A, Dityatev A, Jandke S, Sendtner M, Dunay I+, Schreiber S+, */+equally contributed.
Vascular and neural transcriptomics reveal stage-dependent pathways to inflammation and cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of hypertension.
bioRxiv. 2023 Jan 21; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.20.524921.

2022 

Figueiredo CA, Dunay IR.
IFN-γ-mediated neuronal defense mechanism targets Toxoplasma.
Trends Parasitol. 2022 Oct 21; doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2022.10.001.

French T, Steffen J, Glas A, Osbelt L, Strowig T, Schott BH, Schüler T, Dunay IR.
Persisting Microbiota and Neuronal Imbalance Following T. gondii Infection Reliant on the Infection Route.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 11; doi 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920658.

Figueiredo CA, Düsedau HP, Steffen J, Ehrentraut S, Dunay MP, Toth G, Reglödi D, Heimesaat MM, Dunay IR.
The neuropeptide PACAP alleviates T. gondii infection-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal impairment.
J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Nov 19; doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02639-z.

Knop L, Spanier J, Larsen PK, Witte A, Bank U, Dunay IR, Kalinke U, Schüler T.
IFNAR signaling in fibroblastic reticular cells can modulate CD8⁺ memory fate decision.
Eur J Immunol. 2022 Apr 01; doi.org/10.1002/eji.202149760.

Steffen J, Ehrentraut S, Bank U, Biswas A, Figueiredo CA, Hölsken OH, Düsedau HP, Dovhan V, Knop L, Thode J, Romero-Suárez S, Duarte CI, Gigley J, Romagnani C, Diefenbach A, Klose CSN, Schüler T, Dunay IR.
Type 1 innate lymphoid cells regulate the onset of Toxoplasma gondii-induced neuroinflammation.
Cell Reports. 2022 Mar 29; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110564.

Figueiredo CA, Steffen J, Morton L, Arumugam S, Liesenfeld O, Deli MA, Kröger A, Schüler T, Dunay IR.
Immune response and pathogen invasion at the choroid plexus in the onset of cerebral toxoplasmosis.
J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Jan 13; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02370-1.

2021

Çalışkan G, French T, Lacalle SE, del Angel M, Steffen J, Heimesaat MM, Dunay IR*, Stork O*, *contributed equally.
Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis leads to activation of microglia and impairment of cholinergic gamma oscillations in the hippocampus.
Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Oct 18; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.007.

Düsedau HP, Steffen J, Figueiredo CA, Boehme JD, Schultz K, Erck C, Korte M, Faber-Zuschratter H, Smalla KH, Dieterich D, Kröger A, Bruder D, Dunay IR.
Influenza A virus (H1N1) infection induces microglia activation and temporal dysbalance in glutamatergic synaptic transmission.
mBio. 2021 Oct 26; doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01776-21.

Tersteegen A, Sorg UR, Virgen-Slane R, Helle M, Petzsch P, Dunay IR, Köhrer K, Degrandi D, Ware CF, Pfeffer K.
Lymphotoxin β Receptor: a Crucial Role in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses against Toxoplasma gondii.
Infect Immun. 2021 May 17; 10.1128/IAI.00026-21.

French T, Israel N, Düsedau HP, Terstegen A, Steffen J, Cammann C, Topfstedt E, Dieterich D, Schüler T, Seifert U, Dunay IR.
The Immunoproteasome Subunits LMP2, LMP7 and MECL-1 are Crucial Along the Induction of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis.
Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 21; doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.619465.

Dudeck J, Kotrba J, Immler R, Hoffmann A, Voss M, Alexaki VI, Morton L, Jahn SR, Katsoulis-Dimitriou K, Winzer S, Kollias G, Fischer T, Nedospasov SA, Dunay IR, Chavakis T, Müller AJ, Schraven B, Sperandio M, Dudeck A.
Directional mast cell degranulation of tumor necrosis factor into blood vessels primes neutrophil extravasation.
Immunity. 2021 Mar 9; 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.017.

Matta SK, Rinkenberger N, Dunay IR, Sibley LD.
Toxoplasma gondii infection and its implications within the central nervous system.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Feb 24; doi: 10.1038/s41579-021-00518-7. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-021-00518-7.

Schott BH, Kronenberg G, Schmidt U, Düsedau HP, Ehrentraut S, Geisel O, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Gass P, Dunay IR*, Hellweg R, *contributed equally.
Robustly High Hippocampal BDNF levels under Acute stress in Mice lacking the Full-lenght p75 Neurotrophin Receptor.
Pharmacopsychiatry. 2021 Feb 16; doi: 10.1055/a-1363-1680; Thieme E-Journals - Pharmacopsychiatry / Abstract (thieme-connect.de).

Stoyanov S, Sun W, Düsedau HP, Cangalaya C, Choi I, Mirzapoudelavar H, Baidoe-Ansah D, Kaushik R, Neumann J, Dunay IR, Dityatev A.
Attenuation of the extracellular matrix restores microglial acitivity during the early stage of amyloidosis.
Glia. 2021 Jan; doi.org/10.1002/glia.23894.

2020

Ivanova DL, Krempels R, Denton SL, Fettel KD, Saltz GM, Rach D, Fatima R, Mundhenke T, Materi J, Dunay IR, Gigley JP.
NK Cells Negatively Regulate CD8 T Cells to Promote Immune Exhaustion and Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection.  
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Jul 8; doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00313.

Hörauf JA, Kany S, Janicova A, Xu B, Vrdoljak T, Sturm R, Dunay IR, Martin L, Relja B.
Short Exposure to Ethanol Diminishes Caspase-1 and ASC Activation in Human HepG2 Cells In Vitro.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 30; doi: 10.3390/ijms21093196.                 

Sturm R, Xanthopoulos L, Heftrig D, Oppermann E, Vrdoljak T, Dunay IR, Marzi I, Relja B.
Regulatory T Cells Modulate CD4 Proliferation after Severe Trauma via IL-10.
J Clin Med. 2020 Apr 8; doi: 10.3390/jcm9041052.

Bank U, Deiser K, Plaza-Sirvent C, Osbelt L, Witte A, Knop L, Labrenz R, Jänsch R, Richter F, Biswas A, Zenclussen AC, Vivier E, Romagnani C, Kühl AA, Dunay IR, Strowig T, Schmitz I, Schüler T.
c-FLIP is crucial for IL-7/IL-15-dependent NKp46+ ILC development and protection from intestinal inflammation in mice.
Nat Commun. 2020 Feb 26; doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14782-3.

Kuehlwein JM, Borsche M, Korir PJ, Risch F, Mueller AK, Hübner MP, Hildner K, Hoerauf A, Dunay IR*, Schumak B*, *contributed equally.
Protection of Batf3-deficient mice from experimental cerebral malaria correlates with impaired cytotoxic T cell responses and immune regulation.
Immunology. 2020 Feb; doi: 10.1111/imm.13137.

2019

French T, Düsedau HP, Steffen J, Biswas A, Ahmed N, Hartmann S, Schüler T, Schott BH, Dunay IR.
Neuronal impairment following chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection is aggravated by intestinal nematode challenge in an IFN-γ-dependent manner.
J Neuroinflammation. 2019 Jul 29;16(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1539-8.

Figueiredo CA, Düsedau HP, Steffen J, Gupta N, Dunay MP, Tóth GK, Reglodi D, Heimesaat MM, Dunay IR.
Immunomodulatory effects of the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in acute Toxoplasmosis.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 May 28;9:154. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00154.

Bereswill S, Escher U, Grunau A, Kühl AA, Dunay IR, Tamas A, Reglodi D, Heimesaat MM.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide - A Neuropeptide as Novel Treatment Option for Subacute Ileitis in Mice Harboring a Human Gut Microbiota.
Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 22;10:554. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00554. 

Ivanova DL, Denton SL, Fettel KD, Sondgeroth KS., Gutierrez JM, Bangoura B, Dunay IR, Gigley JP.
Innate lymphoid cells in protection, pathology, and adaptive immunity during Apicomplexan infection.
Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 28;10:196. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00196.

Knop L, Frommer C, Stoycheva D, Deiser K, Kalinke U, Blankenstein T, Kammertöns T, Dunay IR, Schüler T.
Interferon-γ receptor signaling in dendritic cells restrains spontaneous proliferation of CD4+ T cells in chronic lymphopenic mice.
Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 7;10:140. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00140.

Düsedau HP, Klevemann J, Figueiredo CA, Biswas A, Steffen J, Kliche S, Haak S, Zagrebelsky M, Korte M, Dunay IR.
p75^NTR regulates brain mononuclear cell function and neuronal structure in Toxoplasma infection induced neuroinflammation.
Glia. 2019 Jan;67(1):193-211. doi: 10.1002/glia.23553.

2018

 Dunay IR, Gajurel K, Dhakal R, Liesenfeld O, Montoya JG.
Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Historical Perspective, Animal Models, and Current Clinical Practice.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018 Sep 12;31(4). pii: e00057-17. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00057-17.

 Lang D, Schott BH, van Ham M, Morton L, Kulikovskaja L, Herrera-Molina R, Pielot R, Klawonn F, Montag D, Jänsch L, Gundelfinger ED, Smalla KH, Dunay IR.
Chronic Toxoplasma infection is associated with distinct alterations in the synaptic protein composition.
J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Aug 1;15(1):216. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1242-1.

Escher U, Giladi E, Dunay IR, Bereswill S, Gozes I, Heimesaat MM.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Octapeptide NAP in Human Microbiota-Associated Mice Suffering from Subacute Ileitis.
Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2018 May 23;8(2):34-40. doi: 10.1556/1886.2018.00006.

Dunay IR, Diefenbach A.
Group 1 innate lymphoid cells in Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Parasite Immunol. 2018 Feb;40(2). doi: 10.1111/pim.12516.

2017

Alvarado-Esquivel C, Rico-Almochantaf YDR, Hernández-Tinoco J, Quiñones-Canales G, Sánchez-Anguiano LF, Torres-González J, Schott B, Liesenfeld O, Dunay IR.
Toxoplasma Gondii Exposure and Neurological Disorders: An Age- and Gender-Matched Case-Control Pilot Study.
Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2017 Nov 20;7(4):303-309. doi: 10.1556/1886.2017.00033.

Ahmed N, French T, Rausch S, Kühl AA, Hemminger K, Dunay IR, Steinfelder S, Hartmann S.
Toxoplasma Co-infection prevents Th2 differentiation and leads to a Helminth-specific Th1 response.
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2017 July 26;7:341. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00341.

Biswas A, French T, Düsedau H, Müller N, Riek-Burchardt M, Dudeck A, Bank U, Schüler T, Dunay IR.
Behavior of Neutrophil Granulocytes during Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the Central Nervous System.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Jun 21;7:259. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00259.

Van Acker A, Gronke K, Biswas A, Martens L, Saeys Y, Filtjens J, Taveirne S, Van Ammel E, Kerre T, Matthys P, Taghon T, Vandekerckhove B, Plum J, Dunay IR, Diefenbach A, Leclercq G.
A Murine Intestinal Intraepithelial NKp46-Negative Innate Lymphoid Cell Population Characterized by Group 1 Properties.
Cell Reports. 2017 May 16;19(7):1431-1443. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.068.

2016

Möhle L, Mattei D, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Fischer A, Alutis M, French T, Hambardzumyan D, Matzinger P, Dunay IR*, Wolf SA , *contributed equally.
Ly6C(hi) Monocytes Provide a Link between Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.
Cell Reports. 2016 May 31;15(9):1945-56. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.074.

Möhle L, Israel N, Paarmann K, Krohn M, Pietkiewicz S, Müller A, Lavrik IN, Buguliskis JS, Schott BH, Schlüter D, Gundelfinger ED, Montag D, Seifert U, Pahnke J, Dunay IR.
Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection enhances β-amyloid phagocytosis and clearance by recruited monocytes.
Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2016 Mar 16;4:25. doi: 10.1186/s40478-016-0293-8.

2015

Arroyo-Olarte RD, Brouwers JF, Kuchipudi A, Helms JB, Biswas A, Dunay IR, Lucius R, Gupta N.
Phosphatidylthreonine and Lipid-Mediated Control of Parasite Virulence.
PLoS Biol. 2015 Nov 13;13(11):e1002288. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002288.

Fu T, Znalesniak EB, Kalinski T, Möhle L, Biswas A, Salm F, Dunay IR, Hoffmann W.
TFF Peptides Play a Role in the Immune Response Following Oral Infection of Mice with Toxoplasma Gondii.
Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2015 Sep 18;5(3):221-31. doi: 10.1556/1886.2015.00028.

Montagna GN, Biswas A, Hildner K, Matuschewski K, Dunay IR.
Batf3 deficiency proves the pivotal role of CD8α⁺ dendritic cells in protection induced by vaccination with attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites.
Parasite Immunol. 2015 Aug 18;37:533-43. doi: 10.1111/pim.12222.

Schumak B, Klocke K, Kuepper JM, Biswas A, Djie-Maletz A, Limmer A, van Rooijen N, Mack M, Hoerauf A, Dunay IR.
Specific depletion of Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes prevents immunopathology in experimental cerebral malaria.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 17;10(4):e0124080. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124080.

Biswas A, Bruder D, Wolf SA, Jeron A, Mack M, Heimesaat MM, Dunay IR.
Ly6C(high) monocytes control cerebral toxoplasmosis.
J Immunol. 2015 Apr 1;194(7):3223-35. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402037.

Blanchard N, Dunay IR*, Schlüter D, *contributed equally.
Persistence of Toxoplasma gondii in the central nervous system: a fine-tuned balance between the parasite, the brain and the immune system.
Parasite Immunol. 2015 Mar;37(3):150-8. doi: 10.1111/pim.12173.

Parlog A, Schlüter D, Dunay IR.
Toxoplasma gondii-induced neuronal alterations.
Parasite Immunol. 2015 Mar;37(3):159-70. doi: 10.1111/pim.12157.

2014

Heimesaat MM, Dunay IR, Schulze S, Fischer A, Grundmann U, Alutis M, Kühl AA, Tamas A, Toth G, Dunay MP, Göbel UB, Reglodi D, Bereswill S.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide ameliorates experimental acute ileitis and extra-intestinal sequelae.
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 19;9(9):e108389. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108389.

Heimesaat MM, Dunay IR, Alutis M, Fischer A, Möhle L, Göbel UB, Kühl AA, Bereswill S.
Nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2 affects commensal gut microbiota composition and intracerebral immunopathology in acute Toxoplasma gondii induced murine ileitis.
PLoS One. 2014 Aug 20;9(8):e105120. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105120.

Bereswill S, Kühl AA, Alutis M, Fischer A, Möhle L, Struck D, Liesenfeld O, Göbel UB, Dunay IR, Heimesaat MM.
The impact of Toll-like-receptor-9 on intestinal microbiota composition and extra-intestinal sequelae in experimental Toxoplasma gondii induced ileitis.
Gut Pathog. 2014 Jun 6;6:19. doi: 10.1186/1757-4749-6-19.

Klose CS, Flach M, Möhle L, Rogell L, Hoyler T, Ebert K, Fabiunke C, Pfeifer D, Sexl V, Fonseca-Pereira D, Domingues RG, Veiga-Fernandes H, Arnold SJ, Busslinger M, Dunay IR, Tanriver Y, Diefenbach A.
Differentiation of type 1 ILCs from a common progenitor to all helper-like innate lymphoid cell lineages.
Cell. 2014 Apr 10;157(2):340-56. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.030.

Möhle L, Parlog A, Pahnke J, Dunay IR.
Spinal cord pathology in chronic experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2014 Mar;4(1):65-75. doi: 10.1556/EuJMI.4.2014.1.6.

Parlog A, Harsan LA, Zagrebelsky M, Weller M, von Elverfeldt D, Mawrin C, Korte M, Dunay IR.
Chronic murine toxoplasmosis is defined by subtle changes in neuronal connectivity.
Dis Model Mech. 2014 Apr;7(4):459-69. doi: 10.1242/dmm.014183.